The environmental assessment (EA) process examines all the alternatives and environmental impacts of a major transportation initiative to determine a preferred solution. Transportation options considered include rail, transit, air, marine, and road improvements such as highway expansion or a new freeway. (See e-Laws: Environmental Assessment Act)
The approval of Ontario's Minister of the Environment is required before proceeding with an Individual EA. An Individual EA study describes all aspects of the project, including the purpose/need, alternatives, and environmental effects. This study involves consultation with agencies, stakeholders, and the general public. It takes two to four years to prepare, and results in the selection of a transportation alternative. Upon review, the Ministry of the Environment (MOE) decides if the EA is approved (with or without conditions), not approved, or referred to mediation or the EA Board for hearing.